{"id":57651,"date":"2025-08-27T17:02:38","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T11:32:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/?p=57651"},"modified":"2025-09-05T00:15:30","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T18:45:30","slug":"most-of-western-music-since-the-renaissance-has-been-based-on-a-seven","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/most-of-western-music-since-the-renaissance-has-been-based-on-a-seven\/","title":{"rendered":"Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">A <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min read <\/span><\/span>\n<p>Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale, but when did the scale originate? A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes, which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale.&nbsp;<strong>The entire flute must surely have had more holes<\/strong>, and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played. Therefore,&nbsp;<strong>the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. The first is presented as evidence that is confirmed by data presented elsewhere in the argument given; the second states a hypothesis that this evidence is used to undermine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B. The first is an opinion, for which no supporting evidence is presented in the argument given, that is used to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second is that main conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C. The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument is directed; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D. The first is a preliminary conclusion drawn on the basis of evidence presented elsewhere in the argument given; the second is the main conclusion that this preliminary conclusion supports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E. The first provides evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second states a subsidiary conclusion that is drawn in order to support the main conclusion stated earlier in the argument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-solution\">Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-understanding-the-passage\">Understanding the Passage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Text from Passage<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Analysis<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>&#8220;Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale, but when did the scale originate?&#8221;<\/em><\/td><td><strong>What it says<\/strong>: Western music has used a 7-note diatonic scale since the Renaissance period, but we don&#8217;t know when this scale was first created<br><strong>Visualization<\/strong>: Timeline: Renaissance (1400s) \u2192 Modern times: All using 7-note scale, but Origin: Unknown date before 1400s<br><strong>What it does<\/strong>: Sets up the research question that the argument will attempt to answer<br><strong>Source<\/strong>: Author&#8217;s background information<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>&#8220;A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes, which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale.&#8221;<\/em><\/td><td><strong>What it says<\/strong>: Archaeologists found part of an ancient flute made by Neanderthals with 4 holes positioned to play notes 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the 7-note diatonic scale<br><strong>Visualization<\/strong>: Found flute fragment: Holes for notes 3-4-5-6 of diatonic scale (4 out of 7 total notes)<br><strong>What it does<\/strong>: Provides the key evidence that will support the argument about Neanderthal music<br><strong>Source<\/strong>: Factual archaeological evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(Boldface 1)&nbsp;<em>&#8220;The entire flute must surely have had more holes&#8221;<\/em><\/td><td><strong>What it says<\/strong>: The complete original flute definitely had additional holes beyond the 4 found on this fragment<br><strong>Visualization<\/strong>: Fragment found: 4 holes \u2192 Complete original flute: 7+ holes total<br><strong>What it does<\/strong>: Makes an inference from the evidence to build toward the main conclusion<br><strong>Source<\/strong>: Author&#8217;s reasoning\/inference<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>&#8220;and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played.&#8221;<\/em><\/td><td><strong>What it says<\/strong>: The bone used was physically long enough to accommodate all 7 holes needed for a complete diatonic scale<br><strong>Visualization<\/strong>: Bone length: Sufficient space for 7 holes = Complete diatonic scale playable<br><strong>What it does<\/strong>: Provides additional supporting reasoning that the flute could have played all 7 notes<br><strong>Source<\/strong>: Author&#8217;s analysis of physical evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(Boldface 2)&nbsp;<em>&#8220;Therefore, the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.&#8221;<\/em><\/td><td><strong>What it says<\/strong>: Based on this evidence, it&#8217;s likely that Neanderthals knew and used the 7-note diatonic scale in their music<br><strong>Visualization<\/strong>: Evidence: 4 holes positioned correctly + bone long enough \u2192 Conclusion: Neanderthals used 7-note diatonic scale<br><strong>What it does<\/strong>: States the main conclusion that answers the original question<br><strong>Source<\/strong>: Author&#8217;s conclusion<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-overall-structure\">Overall Structure<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The author presents archaeological evidence to answer a historical question about when the diatonic scale originated. The flow moves from question \u2192 evidence \u2192 inference \u2192 conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Main Conclusion: The Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-boldface-segments\">Boldface Segments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Boldface 1<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>The entire flute must surely have had more holes<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Boldface 2<\/strong>:&nbsp;<em>Therefore, the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-boldface-understanding\">Boldface Understanding<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Boldface 1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Function: This serves as an intermediate inference that bridges the archaeological evidence (4 holes found) to the final conclusion<\/li><li>Direction: Supports the author&#8217;s ultimate position by reasoning that the fragment represents part of a larger, complete instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Boldface 2<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Function: This is the main conclusion that directly answers the research question posed at the beginning<\/li><li>Direction: This IS the author&#8217;s ultimate position &#8211; that Neanderthals used the diatonic scale<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-structural-classification\">Structural Classification<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Boldface 1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Structural Role: Intermediate inference\/reasoning step that connects evidence to conclusion<\/li><li>Predicted Answer Patterns: &#8220;intermediate conclusion,&#8221; &#8220;reasoning that supports the main conclusion,&#8221; &#8220;inference drawn from evidence&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Boldface 2<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Structural Role: Main conclusion of the entire argument<\/li><li>Predicted Answer Patterns: &#8220;main conclusion,&#8221; &#8220;the conclusion that the argument seeks to establish,&#8221; &#8220;the primary claim being argued&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Answer Choices Explained<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A. The first is presented as evidence that is confirmed by data presented elsewhere in the argument given; the second states a hypothesis that this evidence is used to undermine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;The first is presented as evidence that is confirmed by data presented elsewhere in the argument given&#8217; &#8211; \u2717 WRONG &#8211; The first boldface is not evidence but rather an inference\/opinion made by the author. &#8216;the second states a hypothesis that this evidence is used to undermine&#8217; &#8211; \u2717 WRONG &#8211; The second boldface is the main conclusion, not a hypothesis being undermined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B. The first is an opinion, for which no supporting evidence is presented in the argument given, that is used to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second is that main conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;The first is an opinion, for which no supporting evidence is presented in the argument given, that is used to support the main conclusion of the argument&#8217; &#8211; \u2713 CORRECT &#8211; The first boldface is the author&#8217;s inference\/opinion that the flute had more holes, and it supports the main conclusion. &#8216;the second is that main conclusion&#8217; &#8211; \u2713 CORRECT &#8211; The second boldface, marked by &#8216;Therefore,&#8217; is clearly the main conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C. The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument is directed; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument is directed&#8217; &#8211; \u2717 WRONG &#8211; The first boldface is not describing a discovery but making an inference, and it&#8217;s not undermining any opposing position. &#8216;the second states the main conclusion of the argument&#8217; &#8211; \u2713 CORRECT &#8211; The second boldface is indeed the main conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D. The first is a preliminary conclusion drawn on the basis of evidence presented elsewhere in the argument given; the second is the main conclusion that this preliminary conclusion supports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;The first is a preliminary conclusion drawn on the basis of evidence presented elsewhere in the argument given&#8217; &#8211; \u2717 WRONG &#8211; While the first could be seen as a preliminary conclusion, it&#8217;s more accurately described as an unsupported opinion or inference. &#8216;the second is the main conclusion that this preliminary conclusion supports&#8217; &#8211; \u2713 CORRECT &#8211; The second is the main conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E. The first provides evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second states a subsidiary conclusion that is drawn in order to support the main conclusion stated earlier in the argument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;The first provides evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument&#8217; &#8211; \u2717 WRONG &#8211; The first boldface is not evidence but an inference\/opinion. &#8216;the second states a subsidiary conclusion that is drawn in order to support the main conclusion stated earlier in the argument&#8217; &#8211; \u2717 WRONG &#8211; The second boldface IS the main conclusion, not a subsidiary one, and no main conclusion was stated earlier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale, but when did the scale originate? A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes, which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102457,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[21,44],"tags":[],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"Kashish Garg","author_link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/author\/kashish\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.1.1 (Yoast SEO v17.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic 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