{"id":519,"date":"2011-06-07T16:02:41","date_gmt":"2011-06-07T23:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/?p=519"},"modified":"2022-11-17T14:29:13","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T08:59:13","slug":"the-results-of-the-companys-cost-cutting-measuresgmatprep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/the-results-of-the-companys-cost-cutting-measuresgmatprep\/","title":{"rendered":"The results of the company\u2019s cost-cutting measures\u2026GMATPrep"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">A <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min read <\/span><\/span>\n<address>The results of the company&#8217;s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen<\/address>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-does-this-question-test\">What does this question test?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This question tests your understanding of usage of verb tenses. &nbsp;It also tests your skill in identifying and correcting modifier errors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-does-this-sentence-mean\">What does this sentence mean?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This sentence states that the results of the cost cutting measures are evident in the profits. &nbsp;These profits increased 5% during the first 3 months of the year. &nbsp;This increase was seen after the profits fell over the last 2 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-errors-in-the-original-sentence\">What are the errors in the original sentence?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sentence has pronoun-antecedent number error. \u00a0The pronoun \u201cit\u201d refers to \u201cprofits\u201d and should be plural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong><em>Loved the solution? <a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/ft-gmat\/?channel=blogsin_article&amp;utm_source=blogs&amp;utm_medium=in_article&amp;utm_campaign=free_trial&amp;utm_content=gmat&amp;utm_term=blogs_in_article_ctrl_gmat_test_date\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\">Take a free trial<\/a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;get unlimited access to concept files, live sessions, and practice questions.&nbsp;For any strategic advice for GMAT or MBA Admissions, write to us at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:acethegmat@e-gmat.com\">acethegmat@e-gmat.com<\/a>. We are the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/reviews\/e-gmat-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener external\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">most reviewed GMAT prep company on GMATClub<\/a> with more than 2400+ reviews<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div style=\"gap: 20px\" class=\"align-button-center ub-buttons orientation-button-row ub-flex-wrap wp-block-ub-button\" id=\"ub-button-7a49de30-9817-408e-a8e9-dba5bdfeb052\"><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.e-gmat.com\/sign-up-free-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"ub-button-block-main   ub-button-flex\" role=\"button\" style=\"--ub-button-background-color: #fcb900; --ub-button-color: #000000; --ub-button-border: none; --ub-button-hover-background-color: #cf2e2e; --ub-button-hover-color: #ffffff; --ub-button-hover-border: none; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-radius: 60px; \">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\" style=\"flex-direction: row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" height=\"30\" width=\"30\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M0 256a256 256 0 1 0 512 0A256 256 0 1 0 0 256zM281 385c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l71-71L136 280c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24l182.1 0-71-71c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9s24.6-9.4 33.9 0L393 239c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L281 385z\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Get free GMAT resources<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.e-gmat.com\/take-sigma-x-mock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"ub-button-block-main  \" role=\"button\" style=\"--ub-button-background-color: #0693e3; --ub-button-color: #ffffff; --ub-button-border: none; --ub-button-hover-background-color: #ff6900; --ub-button-hover-color: #000000; --ub-button-hover-border: none; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-radius: 60px; \">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\" style=\"flex-direction: row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" height=\"30\" width=\"30\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L370.7 256 233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160zm-352 160l160-160c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L178.7 256 41.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0z\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Take a free mock<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-answer-choice-analysis\">Answer Choice Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice A: &nbsp;The results of the company&#8217;s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell<\/span> over the last two years.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">pronoun-antecedent number error<\/span> as explained above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice B: &nbsp;The results of the company&#8217;s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen<\/span> over the last two years.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">verb tense error.<\/span> The verb tense \u201chad increased\u201d is written incorrectly in past perfect tense. &nbsp;The two events in the past are \u2013 falling of profits &amp; increase in profits. &nbsp;The increase in profits is the later event. &nbsp;Thus, expressing it in past perfect tense is incorrect. &nbsp;Expressing the earlier event in past tense is correct \u2013 had fallen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also, this choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">pronoun-antecedent number error<\/span> as in Choice A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice C: &nbsp;The results of the company&#8217;s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling<\/span> over the last two years.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\">No error<\/span>. &nbsp;In this sentence, the use of present perfect tense is justified since this tense presents an event that started in the past and whose effect is still valid in the present time frame. &nbsp;Furthermore, in this sentence, the second event \u201cit fell\u201d has been converted into a modifier that modifies the verb \u201chave increased\u201d. &nbsp;The modifier \u2013 after falling over the last two years \u2013 presents the sequencing for the verb \u201chave increased\u201d as intended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice D: &nbsp;The results of the company&#8217;s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling<\/span> over the last two years.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">modifier error<\/span>. &nbsp;The modifier \u201cwith a five percent increase\u201d non-sensically modifies the preceding clause. &nbsp;Per the intended meaning, it should modify the preceding noun \u2013 profits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice E: &nbsp;The results of the company&#8217;s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits,<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen<\/span> over the last two years.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">modifier error<\/span> as in Choice D. &nbsp;It also uses unnecessarily passive verb tense \u2013 having fallen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Thus, Choice C is the correct answer.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-key-take-away-messages\">What are the key take-away messages?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Past perfect tense is used to express the earlier of the two related events in the past.<\/li><li>Pronoun-antecedent must agree in number.<\/li><li>\u201cWhich modifier\u201d modifies the preceding noun.<\/li><li>Comma + with modifier modifies the preceding clause.<\/li><li>Understand the context of the sentence to determine which modifier will be a better fit for the sentence.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-where-can-you-find-more-information\">Where can you find more information?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Register at\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/register.php\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\">e-gmat<\/a> to access Sentence Correction free trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong><em>Loved the solution? <a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/ft-gmat\/?channel=blogsin_article&amp;utm_source=blogs&amp;utm_medium=in_article&amp;utm_campaign=free_trial&amp;utm_content=gmat&amp;utm_term=blogs_in_article_ctrl_gmat_test_date\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\">Take a free trial<\/a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;get unlimited access to concept files, live sessions, and practice questions.&nbsp;For any strategic advice for GMAT or MBA Admissions, write to us at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:acethegmat@e-gmat.com\">acethegmat@e-gmat.com<\/a>. We are the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/reviews\/e-gmat-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener external\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">most reviewed GMAT prep company on GMATClub<\/a> with more than 2400+ reviews<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div style=\"gap: 20px\" class=\"align-button-center ub-buttons orientation-button-row ub-flex-wrap wp-block-ub-button\" id=\"ub-button-b4366d3c-4b1c-46ea-b6c3-7a975427689e\"><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.e-gmat.com\/sign-up-free-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"ub-button-block-main   ub-button-flex\" role=\"button\" style=\"--ub-button-background-color: #fcb900; --ub-button-color: #000000; --ub-button-border: none; --ub-button-hover-background-color: #cf2e2e; --ub-button-hover-color: #ffffff; --ub-button-hover-border: none; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-radius: 60px; \">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\" style=\"flex-direction: row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" height=\"30\" width=\"30\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M0 256a256 256 0 1 0 512 0A256 256 0 1 0 0 256zM281 385c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0s-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l71-71L136 280c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24l182.1 0-71-71c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9s24.6-9.4 33.9 0L393 239c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L281 385z\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Get free GMAT resources<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.e-gmat.com\/take-sigma-x-mock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"ub-button-block-main  \" role=\"button\" style=\"--ub-button-background-color: #0693e3; --ub-button-color: #ffffff; --ub-button-border: none; --ub-button-hover-background-color: #ff6900; --ub-button-hover-color: #000000; --ub-button-hover-border: none; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-radius: 60px; \">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\" style=\"flex-direction: row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" height=\"30\" width=\"30\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L370.7 256 233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160zm-352 160l160-160c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L178.7 256 41.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0z\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\n\t\t\t<\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Take a free mock<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The results of the company&#8217;s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years. A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell B. which had increased five percent during [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44,94,107],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gmat-official-guide-solutions","category-gmat-prep","category-gmat-sc-og-solutions","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/GMAT-SC-OG-Solution.png","author_info":{"display_name":"e-GMAT","author_link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/author\/administrator\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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