{"id":516,"date":"2011-06-07T15:20:42","date_gmt":"2011-06-07T22:20:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/?p=516"},"modified":"2022-11-17T14:24:28","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T08:54:28","slug":"a-study-by-the-ocean-wildlife-campaigngmatprep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/a-study-by-the-ocean-wildlife-campaigngmatprep\/","title":{"rendered":"A study by the ocean wildlife campaign\u2026GMATPrep"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">A <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min read <\/span><\/span>\n<address>A study by the ocean wildlife campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing<\/span> state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>C.which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>D. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>E. including the establishment of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of<\/address>\n\n\n\n<address>&nbsp;<\/address>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-does-this-question-test\">What does this question test?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This question tests your understanding of parallelism. &nbsp;It also tests your knowledge of which modifiers and comma + including modifiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-does-this-sentence-mean\">What does this sentence mean?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This sentence presents the list of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population. &nbsp;These remedies were a result of the study by the ocean wildlife campaign. &nbsp;These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>establishment of size limits for shark catches<\/li><li>closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season<\/li><li>requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong><em>Loved the solution? <a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/ft-gmat\/?channel=blogsin_article&amp;utm_source=blogs&amp;utm_medium=in_article&amp;utm_campaign=free_trial&amp;utm_content=gmat&amp;utm_term=blogs_in_article_ctrl_gmat_test_date\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\">Take a free trial<\/a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;get unlimited access to concept files, live sessions, and practice questions.&nbsp;For any strategic advice for GMAT or MBA Admissions, write to us at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:acethegmat@e-gmat.com\">acethegmat@e-gmat.com<\/a>. We are the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/reviews\/e-gmat-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener external\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">most reviewed GMAT prep company on GMATClub<\/a> with more than 2400+ reviews<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div class=\"ub-buttons align-button-center\"  id=\"ub-button-1dbe05de-4f6a-4b02-9556-7fd64b52b1a1\"><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.e-gmat.com\/sign-up-free-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external\" class=\"ub-button-block-main ub-button-medium ub-button-flex-medium\" role=\"button\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">\n    <div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\"><span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"height=\"30\", width=\"30\"viewBox=\"0, 0, 512, 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M256 0C114.6 0 0 114.6 0 256c0 141.4 114.6 256 256 256s256-114.6 256-256C512 114.6 397.4 0 256 0zM406.6 278.6l-103.1 103.1c-12.5 12.5-32.75 12.5-45.25 0s-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L306.8 288H128C110.3 288 96 273.7 96 256s14.31-32 32-32h178.8l-49.38-49.38c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l103.1 103.1C414.6 241.3 416 251.1 416 256C416 260.9 414.6 270.7 406.6 278.6z\"><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Get free GMAT resources<\/span>\n    <\/div><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.e-gmat.com\/take-sigma-x-mock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external\" class=\"ub-button-block-main ub-button-medium\" role=\"button\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">\n    <div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\"><span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"height=\"30\", width=\"30\"viewBox=\"0, 0, 448, 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M246.6 233.4l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.75-12.5-45.25 0s-12.5 32.75 0 45.25L178.8 256l-137.4 137.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.75 0 45.25C47.63 444.9 55.81 448 64 448s16.38-3.125 22.62-9.375l160-160C259.1 266.1 259.1 245.9 246.6 233.4zM438.6 233.4l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.75-12.5-45.25 0s-12.5 32.75 0 45.25L370.8 256l-137.4 137.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.75 0 45.25C239.6 444.9 247.8 448 256 448s16.38-3.125 22.62-9.375l160-160C451.1 266.1 451.1 245.9 438.6 233.4z\"><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Take a free mock<\/span>\n    <\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-are-the-errors-in-the-original-sentence\">What are the errors in the original sentence?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This sentence has parallelism error. &nbsp;The list as shown in the meaning analysis is not parallel. &nbsp;Since 3rd element of the list is not underlined, elements 1 and 2 should follow the structure of element 3. &nbsp;Thus, all elements should be verb-ing forms as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>establishing size limits for shark catches<\/li><li>closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season<\/li><li>requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This sentence also has modifier error. &nbsp;The modifier \u201cwhich includes\u2026\u201d modifies the closest noun or noun phrase. &nbsp;In this sentence, it does not make sense for the \u201cwhich modifier\u201d providing list of remedies to modify either the noun phrase \u201cdecline in shark population\u201d or the noun \u201cthe shark population\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-answer-choice-analysis\">Answer Choice Analysis:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice A: &nbsp;A study by the ocean wildlife campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing<\/span> state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p>This choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">parallelism and modifier errors<\/span> as discussed above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice B: &nbsp;A study by the ocean wildlife campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing<\/span> state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p>This choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">modifier error<\/span> as in Choice A. &nbsp;It also distorts the <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">meaning <\/span>of first remedy. &nbsp;It states \u201cestablishing limits to the size of sharks\u201d. &nbsp;It is not clear whose limits will be established. &nbsp;Per the intended meaning, the limits of shark catches will be established.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice C: &nbsp;A study by the ocean wildlife campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of<\/span> state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p>This choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">parallelism &amp; modifier errors <\/span>as in Choice A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice D: &nbsp;A study by the ocean wildlife campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing <\/span>state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p>No Errors. &nbsp;Note that \u201cwhich modifier\u201d has been converted into \u201cincluding modifier\u201d. This modifier is very versatile and can modify the far away noun without any issues. &nbsp;Thus, this modifier can modify \u201cremedies\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<address>Choice E: &nbsp;A study by the ocean wildlife campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population,<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> including the establishment of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of<\/span> state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.<\/address>\n\n\n\n<p>This choice has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">meaning error<\/span> as discussed in choice B. &nbsp;It also has <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">parallelism error<\/span> as in Choice A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, Choice D is the correct answer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-are-the-key-take-away-messages\">What are the key take-away messages?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>A list must be parallel.<\/li><li>Correct sentence must communicate the intended meaning.<\/li><li>\u201ccomma + including\u201d modifier can modify far away noun. \u00a0But which modifier cannot modify the far away noun. \u00a0It can only modify the noun phrase if it does not lead to any ambiguity.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><strong><em>Loved the solution? <a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/ft-gmat\/?channel=blogsin_article&amp;utm_source=blogs&amp;utm_medium=in_article&amp;utm_campaign=free_trial&amp;utm_content=gmat&amp;utm_term=blogs_in_article_ctrl_gmat_test_date\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\">Take a free trial<\/a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;get unlimited access to concept files, live sessions, and practice questions.&nbsp;For any strategic advice for GMAT or MBA Admissions, write to us at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:acethegmat@e-gmat.com\">acethegmat@e-gmat.com<\/a>. We are the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/reviews\/e-gmat-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener external\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">most reviewed GMAT prep company on GMATClub<\/a> with more than 2400+ reviews<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div class=\"ub-buttons align-button-center\"  id=\"ub-button-56ffdb81-f621-4435-b319-bfb39885c768\"><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.e-gmat.com\/sign-up-free-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external\" class=\"ub-button-block-main ub-button-medium ub-button-flex-medium\" role=\"button\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">\n    <div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\"><span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"height=\"30\", width=\"30\"viewBox=\"0, 0, 512, 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M256 0C114.6 0 0 114.6 0 256c0 141.4 114.6 256 256 256s256-114.6 256-256C512 114.6 397.4 0 256 0zM406.6 278.6l-103.1 103.1c-12.5 12.5-32.75 12.5-45.25 0s-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L306.8 288H128C110.3 288 96 273.7 96 256s14.31-32 32-32h178.8l-49.38-49.38c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l103.1 103.1C414.6 241.3 416 251.1 416 256C416 260.9 414.6 270.7 406.6 278.6z\"><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Get free GMAT resources<\/span>\n    <\/div><\/a><\/div><div class=\"ub-button-container\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/resources.e-gmat.com\/take-sigma-x-mock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external\" class=\"ub-button-block-main ub-button-medium\" role=\"button\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">\n    <div class=\"ub-button-content-holder\"><span class=\"ub-button-icon-holder\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"height=\"30\", width=\"30\"viewBox=\"0, 0, 448, 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M246.6 233.4l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.75-12.5-45.25 0s-12.5 32.75 0 45.25L178.8 256l-137.4 137.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.75 0 45.25C47.63 444.9 55.81 448 64 448s16.38-3.125 22.62-9.375l160-160C259.1 266.1 259.1 245.9 246.6 233.4zM438.6 233.4l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.75-12.5-45.25 0s-12.5 32.75 0 45.25L370.8 256l-137.4 137.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.75 0 45.25C239.6 444.9 247.8 448 256 448s16.38-3.125 22.62-9.375l160-160C451.1 266.1 451.1 245.9 438.6 233.4z\"><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"ub-button-block-btn\">Take a free mock<\/span>\n    <\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A study by the ocean wildlife campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits. A. which includes the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[44,94,107],"tags":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/GMAT-SC-OG-Solution.png","author_info":{"display_name":"e-GMAT","author_link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/author\/administrator\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.1.1 (Yoast SEO v17.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A study by the ocean wildlife campaign\u2026GMATPrep<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A study by the ocean wildlife campaign\u2026GMATPrep = GMAT SC OG Solution = This post contains the detailed solution to GMAT SC official question.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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