{"id":3642,"date":"2014-03-17T06:33:46","date_gmt":"2014-03-17T13:33:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/?p=3642"},"modified":"2022-11-10T15:54:09","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T10:24:09","slug":"see-how-that-can-help-you-de-mystify-a-long-sentence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/see-how-that-can-help-you-de-mystify-a-long-sentence\/","title":{"rendered":"See how \u201cTHAT\u201d can help you de-mystify a long sentence"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">A <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">8<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min read <\/span><\/span><div>\n<p>In our first session of Verbal Live Prep \u2013 SC1 \u2013 How to Approach Sentence Correction \u2013 we saw that <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">simplifying the sentence structure<\/span> has a two-fold effect. Firstly, it helps clarify the (intended) meaning. Secondly, it helps you identify errors.\u00a0\u00a0 We also saw that selecting the correct answer becomes much easier once you have a clear understanding of meaning and identify the errors in the original sentence.\u00a0 Click on the image to view the recording of the strategy session.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Purpose of this article: <\/strong>In this article, we will see how knowledge of the various uses of that can be leveraged to simplify the sentence structure.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3643 aligncenter\" title=\"WhyThatSimplify\" src=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/WhyThatSimplify.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"426\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/WhyThatSimplify.png 609w, https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/WhyThatSimplify-300x121.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Q\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 What do you mean by\u00a0<strong>\u201csimplifying the sentence structure\u201d<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p>When we simplify the sentence structure, we identify the clauses and we identify the SV pairs in each clause.\u00a0 Then we check for other logical linkages in the sentence &#8211; modifiers &amp; modified entities, verb sequencing between multiple verbs, logical lists, and pronoun-antecedent pairs &#8211; and determine if errors exist.\u00a0\u00a0 Based on this analysis we then evaluate the answer choices and confidently mark the correct choice.<\/p>\n<p>Q\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ok, why do I need to know about \u201c<strong>that<\/strong>\u201d?<\/p>\n<p>As you know \u201cTHAT\u201d is a very common clause marker.\u00a0 It is a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">multi-faceted<\/span> word.\u00a0 In this article we will discuss its two primary uses.\u00a0 Note \u201cthat\u201d may be used in other ways but these two uses constitute the most common uses of \u2018that\u2019.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Usage 1 \u2013 That acts as <strong>subject<\/strong> of the clause<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3644\" title=\"ThattheSubject\" src=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/ThattheSubject.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"258\" height=\"196\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take an example:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Mary<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">made<\/span> claims <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">that<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">pertain<\/span> to her achievements in high school.<\/p>\n<p>In this sentence \u201cthat\u201d refers to the preceding noun \u2013 claims &#8211; and the entire purple clause modifies the noun \u2013 claims.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see, \u201cthat\u201d is the subject of the purple clause.\u00a0 Its verb is \u201cpertain\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take another example:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Retailers<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">do not approve<\/span> of the apps <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">that<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">allow<\/span> shoppers to perform immediate price-comparison by scanning a product on the shelf.<\/p>\n<p>In this sentence \u201cthat\u201d refers to the preceding noun \u2013 apps &#8211; and the entire purple clause modifies this noun \u2013 apps.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see, \u201cthat\u201d is the subject of the purple clause.\u00a0 Its verb is \u201callow\u201d.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Take away<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cThat\u201d modifies the preceding noun through this modifying clause and <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">acts as the subject of this clause.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Usage 2 \u2013 That acts as the Connector between two clauses<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3645\" title=\"ThattheConnector\" src=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/ThattheConnector.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/ThattheConnector.png 384w, https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/ThattheConnector-300x153.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Let\u2019s take an example:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Mary<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">claims<\/span> <strong>that<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">she won<\/span> several awards in her high school.<\/p>\n<p>In this sentence \u201cthat\u201d connects two clauses.<\/p>\n<p>Mary claims<\/p>\n<p>Mary claims what?<\/p>\n<p>Mary claims that she won several awards in her high school.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see, \u201cthat\u201d is simply a connector.\u00a0 It is not the subject of the purple clause.\u00a0 The subject of the purple clause is \u201cshe\u201d and its verb is \u201cwon\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take another example:<\/p>\n<p>The analysts strongly believe <strong>that<\/strong> the manufacturing sector will continue to act as a drag on gross domestic product in the third quarter and <strong>that<\/strong> the improvement is unlikely until regional structural issues are addressed and the broader global backdrop brightens.<\/p>\n<p>In this sentence \u201cthat\u201d connects clauses.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Analysts strongly believe<\/li>\n<li>Analysts strongly believe what?<\/li>\n<li>Analysts strongly believe\n<ul>\n<li>that manufacturing sector will continue to act as drag\u2026.<\/li>\n<li>that the improvement is unlikely until\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As you can see, \u201cthat\u201d is simply a connector.\u00a0 It is not the subject of the purple or blue clause.\u00a0 The subject of the purple clause is \u201cmanufacturing sector\u201d and its verb is \u201cwill continue\u201d.\u00a0 The subject of the blue clause is \u201cimprovement\u201d and its verb is \u201cis\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take one more example:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Mary<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">found<\/span> certain evidence <strong>that<\/strong> even the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Crime Scene Investigators (CSI)<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">could not find.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In this sentence \u201cthat\u201d connects two clauses.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Mary found certain evidence<\/li>\n<li>What kind of evidence<\/li>\n<li>Evidence that even CSI could not find<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As you can see, \u201cthat\u201d is simply a connector.\u00a0 It is not the subject of the purple clause.\u00a0 The subject of the purple clause is \u201cCSI\u201d and its verb is \u201ccould not find\u201d.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Take away<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cThat\u201d connects two clauses.\u00a0 It acts as a connector.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Each clause connected by \u2018that\u2019 requires its own subject and verb pair.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">How to Apply this Knowledge<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ok so now that you know that \u201cthat\u201d can typically act in two capacities, one in which <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">it is subject of<\/span> the clause and another <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">one in which it is simply a connector<\/span>, how should you utilize this knowledge to simplify the clauses.\u00a0 It\u2019s simple:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><em>When you come across the word \u201cthat\u201d, you should know right away that there is another clause.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Then when you get to identifying the SV pairs of each clause, keep in mind that depending upon how \u201cthat\u201d is used, it could act as subject and it could simply be a connector.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><strong>Application on Official Question \u2013 OG13#140<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">has been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus is<\/span> evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>We will now solve this question.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Meaning Analysis<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>This sentence is about certain rock samples that were taken from remains of an asteroid.\u00a0 Details about the size of this asteroid have been provided in the sentence.\u00a0 The main aim of this sentence is to specify the age of these rock samples and to make the claim that these rock samples are evidence of the oldest known asteroid impact on earth.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Sentence Structure<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now we will simplify the sentence structure.\u00a0 We see that the subject of first clause is \u201crock samples\u201d.\u00a0 The portion \u201ctaken from the remains of an asteroid\u201d is a verb-ed modifier.\u00a0 \u201ctaken\u201d cannot be a verb since it is not preceded by is\/are\/was\/were.\u00a0 As we continue reading, we come across the word \u201cthat\u201d, which signals presence of a clause.\u00a0 \u2013 that eradicated the dinosaurs.\u00a0 Then we continue reading and we find what appear to be the two verbs of the subject \u201crock samples\u201d in the beginning of the sentence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid<\/li>\n<li>that eradicated the dinosaurs<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">has been dated <\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">to be 3.47 billion years old and thus is<\/span> evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Error Analysis<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now that we have the simplified sentence structure, we can perform the error analysis.\u00a0 Notice how you can now focus on each clause one by one and figure out the grammatical correctness and errors.\u00a0 The SV pairs have been color coded.\u00a0 As you can see \u201cthat\u201d in this sentence refers to the preceding noun \u2013 asteroid.\u00a0 It has its verb \u201ceradicated\u201d.\u00a0 We also clearly see the verbs for the plural subject \u2013 rock samples.\u00a0 These verbs are singular and hence there is SV number error here.\u00a0 So the correct choice should have plural verbs.\u00a0 This is the first and the primary error.\u00a0 The second error is the idiomatic usage of the phrase \u2013 dated to be.\u00a0 The correct idiom is \u2018dated at\u2019.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Answer Choice Analysis<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now we will review each answer choice one by one and find the correct answer:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">has been<\/span> dated<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> to be<\/span> 3.47 billion years old and thus <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">is<\/span>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>SV Number error, Idiom error as discussed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">has been<\/span> dated at 3.47 billion years old and <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">thus<\/span>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>SV Number error, Verb does not exist.\u00a0 Per our sentence structure and meaning analysis, we know that there are two verbs for the subject \u2013 rock samples.\u00a0 In this choice, the verb \u201cis\u201d has been removed and hence second verb no longer exists.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>have been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus are\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Idiom error<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>have been dated as being 3.47 billion years old and thus\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Idiom error.\u00a0 Second verb is missing as in choice B<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>have been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Correct choice.\u00a0 Both verbs are plural.\u00a0 The idiom has been corrected.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Take Away<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>This is a 700 level question.\u00a0 However, it was extremely simple to arrive at the correct answer once we simplified the sentence structure.\u00a0 We will see more of this in our SC2 \u2013 Sentence Structure session.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Exercise<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>For the sentences below, do the following:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Identify all SV pairs in the sentence above.<\/li>\n<li>Is there any problem with the sentence with regards to the SV pairs?<\/li>\n<li>How will you correct the error?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Question 1:<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<p>In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,<\/span> none could be taken seriously.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Question 2<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<p>In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until<\/p>\n<p>completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope\u2019s contemporary, pronounced the greatest<\/p>\n<p>translation in any language.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Take Away<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>You can simplify the sentence into clauses if you follow the clause markers.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThat\u201d has many functions.\u00a0 The two common functions are listed below:\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Subject of the Clause<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Connector<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">SC2- Sentence Structure [Verbal Live Prep customers]<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>In \u201cSC1-How to approach Sentence Correction\u201d, we discussed the three pillars of Sentence Correction \u2013 Meaning, Sentence Structure and Grammar. Furthermore, we demonstrated how one can answer identify errors and spot the correct answer through \u201cintended meaning\u201d. In the next session \u2013 \u201cSC2- Sentence Structure\u201d we will discuss how you can leverage \u201csentence structure\u201d to<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Identify the intended meaning<\/li>\n<li>Identify majority of the errors.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In our experience<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">, you can solve over 95% of the SC<\/span><\/strong> questions through the methods described above. To get the most of this session, make sure that you have reviewed this article thoroughly and analyzed the two exercise sentences above. Here is a sample analysis of the first question.<\/p>\n<p><em>Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">has been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus is<\/span> evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe see that the subject of first clause is \u201crock samples\u201d.\u00a0 The portion \u201ctaken from the remains of an asteroid\u201d is a verb-ed modifier.\u00a0 \u201ctaken\u201d cannot be a verb since it is not preceded by is\/are\/was\/were.\u00a0 As we continue reading, we come across the word \u201cthat\u201d, which signals presence of a clause.\u00a0 \u2013 that eradicated the dinosaurs.\u00a0 Then we continue reading and we find what appear to be the two verbs of the subject \u201crock samples\u201d in the beginning of the sentence. \u201c<\/p>\n<p><strong>What if you are not an e-GMAT customer?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>If you are not an e-GMAT customer but are interested to know more about Verbal Live Prep 2.0, then click <a href=\"http:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/?page_id=1377\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Interested to know more about sentence structure: There are a few very helpful concepts in the e-GMAT free trial. Click <a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/secure\/register_gc.php\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\">here<\/a> to register and to review those concepts.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Extra Information<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Note for e-GMAT Verbal Live Prep students<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>This article is one of the pre-requisites for Session SC2 \u2013 Sentence Structure.\u00a0 Make sure that you get the essence of this article.\u00a0 So understand the article well and answer the questions above.\u00a0 In addition to the above two questions, also prepare a short paragraph on how to arrive at this sentence structure.\u00a0 Basically write the paragraph on similar lines as we discussed in previous analysis:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe see that the subject of first clause is \u201crock samples\u201d.\u00a0 The portion \u201ctaken from the remains of an asteroid\u201d is a verb-ed modifier.\u00a0 \u201ctaken\u201d cannot be a verb since it is not preceded by is\/are\/was\/were.\u00a0 As we continue reading, we come across the word \u201cthat\u201d, which signals presence of a clause.\u00a0 \u2013 that eradicated the dinosaurs.\u00a0 Then we continue reading and we find what appear to be the two verbs of the subject \u201crock samples\u201d in the beginning of the sentence. \u201c<\/p>\n<p>Note that this will be one of the short essay type questions in the pre-assessment quiz (don\u2019t worry \u2013 this will be the only essay type question in the quiz).\u00a0\u00a0 And we will discuss<\/p>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Application on Official Question \u2013 OG13#67<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until<\/p>\n<p>completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope\u2019s contemporary, pronounced the greatest<\/p>\n<p>translation in any language.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work<\/li>\n<li>that, taking him seven years until completion, and<\/li>\n<li>that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope\u2019s contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A few years ago, the Canadian Global Public Health Information Network, looking for patterns in global health reports, spotted the onset of the SARS epidemic <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2003\/2\/e14\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">before the World Health Organization did<\/a>; more recently, a site called Dataminr, relying on software that automatically scanned the global Twitter stream, was able to report to its subscribers that Osama bin Laden had been killed <a href=\"http:\/\/arstechnica.com\/business\/2012\/04\/bin-laden-death-detecting-analytics-service-signs-partnership-with-twitter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">a good 20 minutes before it was officially announced<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In our first session of Verbal Live Prep \u2013 SC1 \u2013 How to Approach Sentence Correction \u2013 we saw that simplifying the sentence structure has a two-fold effect. Firstly, it helps clarify the (intended) meaning. Secondly, it helps you identify errors.\u00a0\u00a0 We also saw that selecting the correct answer becomes much easier once you have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79663,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"Juhi Gupta","author_link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/author\/juhie-gmat-com\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.1.1 (Yoast SEO v17.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>See how \u201cTHAT\u201d can help you de-mystify a long sentence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/see-how-that-can-help-you-de-mystify-a-long-sentence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"See how \u201cTHAT\u201d can help you de-mystify a long sentence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In our first session of Verbal Live Prep \u2013 SC1 \u2013 How to Approach Sentence Correction \u2013 we saw that simplifying the sentence structure has a two-fold effect. 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