{"id":3481,"date":"2014-03-14T13:04:46","date_gmt":"2014-03-14T20:04:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/?p=3481"},"modified":"2020-06-29T18:56:13","modified_gmt":"2020-06-29T13:26:13","slug":"verb-ed-modifiers-vs-verb-ing-modifiers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/verb-ed-modifiers-vs-verb-ing-modifiers\/","title":{"rendered":"Verb-ed Modifiers vs Verb-ing Modifiers"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">A <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min read <\/span><\/span><h2><span style=\"font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal;\">Quote:<\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote><p>Would like to understand minute differences between these two types of modifiers. Please correct me if my understanding is not right &#8211;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Clause + Comma + Past Participle &#8211;\u00a0<!--more-->Technically Work as Adverb BUT also modifies the subject of the Clause<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q1 &#8211; Is it always necessary that Past Participle + Comma need to act as Adverb, Can\u2019t it simply modify the subject ONLY of the main clause &#8211; look at below construction &#8211;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6><em>\u201cDiabetes ranks as the nation\u2019s third leading cause of\u00a0<\/em>death,<em> surpassed only by heart disease and cancer\u201d<\/em><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Q2 &#8211; This is valid construction as per OG, not sure why &#8220;surpassed&#8221; came after comma. It is modifying Diabetes so it should come in beginning?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6><em>\u201cSurpassed only by heart disease and cancer, Diabetes ranks as the nation\u2019s third leading cause of the death\u201d<\/em><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Q3 &#8211; Can we say that past participle + comma does not need to act as Adverb or modify whole previous clause ALWAYS and it can modify ONLY subject as well? Is it true for present participle?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Q4 &#8211; What is the difference between present &amp; past participle when these work as modifiers? Please explain the difference between the two sentences &#8211;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cDiabetes ranks as the nation\u2019s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cDiabetes ranks as the nation\u2019s third leading cause of death, surpassing only by heart disease and cancer\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote><p><strong><em>If you are planning to take the GMAT, we can help you with a personalized study plan and give you access to quality online content to prepare. Write to us at\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:acethegmat@e-gmat.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">acethegmat@e-gmat.com<\/a>. We are the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/reviews\/e-gmat-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">most reviewed GMAT prep company on gmatclub<\/a> with more than 1900 reviews.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Why don\u2019t you\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/free-trial-registration\/?channel=blogsin_article&amp;utm_source=blogs&amp;utm_medium=in_article&amp;utm_campaign=free_trial&amp;utm_content=gmat_sm&amp;utm_term=blogs_in_article_ctrl_verbed_verbing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer external\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">take a free trial<\/a>\u00a0and judge it for yourself?<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This is my response to the question. I hope you will find the content useful:<\/p>\n<p>We,\u00a0at\u00a0<a title=\"Look up details\" href=\"http:\/\/e-gmat.com\/registration\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\">e-gmat,<\/a>\u00a0call the present participle the\u00a0\u201cverb-ing modifiers\u201d\u00a0and the past participle the\u00a0\u201cverb-ed modifiers\u201d. So here are the rules for these two types of modifiers:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>COMMA + verb-ing modifier&#8212;&gt; modifies the preceding clause.Example: The engineer identified the problem, using the latest technology. (as you cited)<\/li>\n<li>Verb-ing modifier ONLY &#8212;&#8212;&gt; modifies the preceding NOUN or NOUN PHRASE only. Example: John sat in the minivan carrying seven passengers. (\u201ccarrying seven passengers\u201d modifies \u201cminivans\u201d and means that the minivan in which John sat had seven passengers)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2 also applies to verb-ed modifiers.<\/p>\n<p>Discouraged by the long hours and low pay, my sister finally quit her job. <strong>Correct.<\/strong><br \/>\nMy sister, discouraged by the long hours and low pay, finally quit her job. <strong>Correct.<\/strong><br \/>\nMy sister finally quit her job, discouraged by the long hours and low pay.\u00a0<strong>Incorrect<\/strong> as per GMAT rules (Refer to Regular English Vs GMAT section below). Here the verb-ed modifier is modifying the preceding noun \u201cher job\u201d which does not make sense.<\/p>\n<h1>RULES PART I:<\/h1>\n<p>So really speaking these are the rules governing verb-ing &amp; verb-ed modifiers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Verb-ing modifiers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>When separated by comma modifies the preceding clause<\/li>\n<li>When not separated by comma,\u00a0modifies the preceding noun or noun phrase<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Verb-ed Modifiers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Always modify preceding noun or noun phrase.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>We have covered this concept in detail in our concept titled &#8220;Modifiers &#8211; Verb-ing Modifiers&#8221;. This concept is available in the free preview of the\u00a0<a title=\"Look up details\" href=\"http:\/\/e-gmat.com\/registration\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\">e-GMAT<\/a>\u00a0SC course. I suggest you review this concept in the free trial. You will be able to apply the concepts when you take the post-assessment quiz in this file. After that,\u00a0definitely review a few OG sentence constructions to understand and apply these concepts on the Official Questions.<\/p>\n<h2>REGULAR ENGLISH Vs. GMAT<\/h2>\n<p>The point to be noted here is that in regular English, comma + verb-ed modifiers modify the preceding clause. They behave in a similar manner as do comma + verb-ing modifiers. However, GMAT goes against this practice as is evident from\u00a0OG12#56.<\/p>\n<p>Since Official Guides set up the rules here, we incorporate these rules in our course curriculum and questions. If down the line, OG modifies this question and changes the explanation, reflecting that comma + verb-ed modifiers modify preceding clause, then we will change our curriculum and questions based on this rule accordingly.<\/p>\n<p>Here are a few examples from\u00a0OG12\u00a0for verb-ed modifiers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Verb-ed modifier modifying preceding noun =\u00a0OG12#28,\u00a0OG12#56.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>In the light of this understanding, let us now analyze\u00a0OG12#5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Diabetes ranks as the nation\u2019s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer. In this sentence,\u00a0it will not make sense for verb-ed modifier to modify the preceding noun \u201cdeath\u201d.\u00a0Death cannot be surpassed by anything. Hence,\u00a0the verb-ed modifier is modifying noun phrase \u201cthe nation\u2019s third leading cause of death\u201d. Now the reference makes sense and the modifier establishes the fact this particular cause of death is \u201csurpassed only by heart disease and cancer\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Notice that \u201cdiabetes\u201d is the \u201cthe nation\u2019s third leading cause of death\u201d.\u00a0The verb \u201cranks\u201d stands as \u201cis\u201d meaning \u201cdiabetes\u201d = \u201cthe nation\u2019s third leading cause of death\u201d.\u00a0Hence it is logical for the verb-ed modifier to modify \u201cdiabetes\u201d also because it is the \u201cthe nation\u2019s third leading cause of death\u201d. Structurally, the verb-ed modifier is modifying the preceding noun phrase \u201cthe nation\u2019s third leading cause of death\u201d.<\/p>\n<h1>RULES PART II<\/h1>\n<p>So far we discussed the role of the verb-ed and the verb-ing modifiers placed after the clause preceded or not by a comma. Now answer to your second question is that verb-ed modifier is a noun modifier.\u00a0When placed in the beginning of the sentence followed by a comma, it always modifies the subject of the clause.\u00a0Again let me cite your example only:<\/p>\n<p>Discouraged by the long hours and low pay, my sister finally quit her job. (If you ask the modifier, who was discouraged, the answer will be \u201cmy sister\u201d).<br \/>\nIn case of the verb-ing modifiers, when places before the clause separated by a comma they can modify either the subject or the entire clause, depending upon the context of the sentence.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Singing a beautiful song, Mary mesmerized everyone present in the room. (So how did Mary mesmerize everyone? By singing a beautiful song. Here the verb-ing modifier is modifying the entire clause.)<br \/>\nWearing a blue short, Joe killed the snake. (Here the verb-ing modifier is just giving additional information about how Joe was dressed. His wearing a blue shirt has nothing to do with killing the snake.)<\/p>\n<h6><strong>THE DIFFERENCE:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Now let us analyze the difference between these two sentences:<\/p>\n<p>Diabetes ranks as the nation\u2019s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer. Diabetes ranks as the nation\u2019s third leading cause of death, surpassing only by heart disease and cancer. The first sentence is grammatically as well as logically correct. But the second is not grammatically correct. The first sentence can be rewritten as Diabetes is the nation\u2019s third leading cause of death that is surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.<\/p>\n<p>Notice that the \u201cthat\u201d clause is written in passive voice because diabetes is not the doer of the action \u201csurpass\u201d. It is \u201cheart disease and cancer\u201d that are the doer of this action.<\/p>\n<p>In the second sentence, \u201csurpassing\u201d modifies the preceding clause and hence associates with the subject diabetes. So if we say that Diabetes is X, surpassing only by Y and Z, it will be wrong because it is not the correct grammatical structure. Use of \u201cby\u201d is ungrammatical in this construction. If we remove \u201cby\u201d from here, then the intended meaning of the sentence will change. The sentence will then mean that Diabetes surpasses \u201cheart diseases and cancer\u201d but it is actually the other way round and that is why diabetes is \u201cthe nation\u2019s third leading cause of death\u201d.<\/p>\n<h1>Takeaways<\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00a0When verb-ing modifier is separated from the clause using a comma, then this modifier modifies the preceding clause.<\/li>\n<li>When verb-ing modifier is not separated from the clause using a comma, then it modifies the preceding noun.<\/li>\n<li>When verb-ing modifier is placed in the beginning of the sentence followed by a comma, then it may modify either the subject of the clause or the entire clause, depending upon the context of the sentence.<\/li>\n<li>Verb-ed modifier modifies the preceding noun or the noun phrase.<\/li>\n<li>When verb-ed modifier is placed in the beginning of the clause followed by a comma, then it modifies the subject of the clause.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quote: Would like to understand minute differences between these two types of modifiers. Please correct me if my understanding is not right &#8211; Clause + Comma + Past Participle &#8211;\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":79663,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"Juhi Gupta","author_link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/author\/juhie-gmat-com\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.1.1 (Yoast SEO v17.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Verb-ed Modifiers vs Verb-ing Modifiers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/verb-ed-modifiers-vs-verb-ing-modifiers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Verb-ed Modifiers vs Verb-ing Modifiers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Quote: Would like to understand minute differences between these two types of modifiers. 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