{"id":34652,"date":"2021-10-25T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/?p=34652"},"modified":"2021-12-03T15:41:14","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T10:11:14","slug":"to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/","title":{"rendered":"[GMAT OG Solution] To help preserve ancient Egyptian monuments threatened by&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">A <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min read <\/span><\/span>\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll look at the solution to this GMAT Official guide sentence correction question &#8211; <strong>To help preserve ancient Egyptian monuments threatened by high water tables, a Swedish engineering firm has proposed installing pumps, perhaps solar powered, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">to lower the underground water level and dig trenches<\/span> around the base of the stone walls. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We have analyzed the 5 answer choices and arrived at the correct choice through 3 steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Meaning analysis<\/li><li>Error analysis<\/li><li>Answer choice analysis<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"0-general-information-on-gmat-og-sc-question-\"><strong>General information on GMAT OG SC question<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"ub_styled_list \" id=\"ub_styled_list-1e374774-02e8-4fa7-ab59-4a68548fb8be\"><ul class=\"fa-ul\"><li>Difficulty level \u2013 Hard<\/li><li>58% of people got this question correct.<\/li><li>The average time taken to correctly answer this question \u2013 1:16<\/li><li>Source &#8211; GMAT Official Guide [Pre 2000] <\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ub_table-of-contents\" data-showtext=\"show\" data-hidetext=\"hide\" data-scrolltype=\"auto\" id=\"ub_table-of-contents-d621a305-2a6c-45e3-9b1c-a17d0f117057\" data-initiallyhideonmobile=\"false\"\n                    data-initiallyshow=\"true\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header-container\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header\">\n                    <div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-title\">Here is an outline of the article: <\/div><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header-toggle\">\n                        <div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-toggle\">\n                        &nbsp;[<a class=\"ub_table-of-contents-toggle-link\" href=\"#\">hide<\/a>]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-extra-container\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-container ub_table-of-contents-1-column \"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#0-general-information-on-gmat-og-sc-question-\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">General information on GMAT OG SC question<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#1-11-question-to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.1 Question &#8211; To help preserve ancient Egyptian monuments threatened by&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#2-12-meaning-analysis\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.2 Meaning Analysis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#5-13-error-analysis\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.3 Error Analysis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#6-14-answer-choice-analysis-\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.4 Answer Choice Analysis &nbsp;<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#7-a-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-dig-trenches-\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A: to lower the underground water level and dig trenches<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#8-b-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-to-dig-trenches-\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">B. to lower the underground water level and to dig trenches<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#9-c-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-digging-trenches-\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">C. to lower the underground water level and digging trenches<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#10-d-that-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-that-trenches-be-dug-\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">D. that lower the underground water level and that trenches be dug<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#11-e-that-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-trench-digging-\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">E. that lower the underground water level and trench digging<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/#12-15-takeaways\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.5 Takeaways<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"1-11-question-to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\">1.1 Question &#8211; To help preserve ancient Egyptian monuments threatened by&#8230;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To help preserve ancient Egyptian monuments threatened by high water tables, a Swedish engineering firm has proposed installing pumps, perhaps solar powered, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">to lower the underground water level and dig trenches<\/span> around the base of the stone walls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[Refer to the GMAT Official Guide for options]<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"2-12-meaning-analysis\">1.2 Meaning Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"3-121-sentence-structure-\"><span style=\"color:#165671\" class=\"has-inline-color\">1.2.1 Sentence Structure<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-34654\" width=\"693\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments.png 986w, https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-768x233.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"4-122-meaning-\"><span style=\"color:#165671\" class=\"has-inline-color\">1.2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Meaning<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The sentence discusses the problem of rising water levels threatening ancient Egyptian monuments. The way the sentence is structured, the meaning is not clear. The original sentence indicates that a firm has proposed installing pumps, and the intent is for the pumps to lower water and dig trenches. However, we know it is illogical to state that a pump intends to dig a trench. Thus, we must infer the logical meaning that a Swedish engineering firm has suggested two things: installing pumps that possibly will be solar powered to lower the level of underground water. The second idea is digging trenches around the bottom of the stone walls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"5-13-error-analysis\">1.3 Error Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\"><li><strong>Parallelism Error<\/strong>: The list in this sentence \u2014 \u201cto lower\u2026\u201d and \u201c(to) dig\u2026\u201d \u2014 are grammatically parallel but not logically parallel. Through meaning analysis, we understand that the suggestions must be in proper parallel structure \u201cinstalling pumps\u201d and \u201cdigging trenches.\u201d<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"6-14-answer-choice-analysis-\">1.4 Answer Choice Analysis &nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"7-a-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-dig-trenches-\"><strong>A: to lower the underground water level and dig trenches<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-dig-trenches-incorrect-error-as-discussed-in-the-error-analysis\"><span style=\"color:red\"><strong>Incorrect<\/strong>:<\/span> Error as discussed in the error analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:9px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"8-b-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-to-dig-trenches-\"><strong>B. to lower the underground water level and to dig trenches<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-dig-trenches-incorrect-error-as-discussed-in-the-error-analysis\"><span style=\"color:red\"><strong>Incorrect<\/strong>: <\/span><strong>Parallelism Error leading to Meaning Error<\/strong>: This choice repeats the error of the original sentence. The only between this choice and Choice A is that this choice explicitly mentions \u201c<em>to<\/em>\u201d before \u201c<em>dig<\/em>\u201d to make the list obvious. But this list is illogical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:9px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"9-c-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-digging-trenches-\"><strong>C. to lower the underground water level and digging trenches<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-dig-trenches-incorrect-error-as-discussed-in-the-error-analysis\"><span style=\"color:green\"><strong>Correct<\/strong>: <\/span>This option corrects the error in the original sentence. The two suggestions \u2013 \u201cinstalling\u201d and \u201cdigging\u201d \u2013 are now grammatically and logically parallel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:9px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"10-d-that-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-that-trenches-be-dug-\"><strong>D. that lower the underground water level and that trenches be dug<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"h-to-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-dig-trenches-incorrect-error-as-discussed-in-the-error-analysis\"><span style=\"color:red\"><strong>Incorrect<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\"><li><strong>Modifier Errors leading to Meaning Error<\/strong><ul><li>The removal of the \u201cto + verb\u201d phrase changes the meaning by removing the purpose of the pump to lower the underground water level.<\/li><li>The addition of \u201cthat\u201d to this option makes the two \u201cthat\u201d clauses parallel. Since the first clause modifies \u201cpumps,\u201d the second clause should also modify pumps since the two are joined by \u201cand\u201d. However, this modification is illogical.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Verb Error<\/strong>: The verb \u201cbe dug\u201d is a subjunctive verb. This usage is incorrect because there is no trigger word that requires the usage of the subjunctive verb.<\/li><li>that lower the underground water level and trench digging:<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:9px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"11-e-that-lower-the-underground-water-level-and-trench-digging-\"><strong>E. <span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">that lower the underground water level and trench digging<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span that=\"\" lower=\"\" the=\"\" underground=\"\" water=\"\" level=\"\" and=\"\" trench=\"\" digging:=\"\"><span style=\"color:red\"><strong>Incorrect<\/strong>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\"><li><strong>Parallelism Error<\/strong>:&nbsp; This option does not offer the needed parallel structure \u201cinstalling pumps\u201d and \u201cdigging trenches.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>Modifier Error leading to Meaning Error:<\/strong> This choice repeats the error of Choice D with regards to the use of \u201c<em>that<\/em>\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"12-15-takeaways\">1.5 Takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\"><li>Meaning is paramount. Always make sure you take the time to analyze the intended logical meaning. The intended meaning may be different than what the original sentence structure communicates.<\/li><li>Do not be afraid to select a choice that uses a different sentence structure if it correctly communicates the author\u2019s intended logical meaning.<\/li><li>Parallel entities must be logically and grammatically parallel.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Planning to take the GMAT?<\/strong> We can give you access to quality online content to prepare. 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102420,"featured_media":34657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[44,94,1,107],"tags":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Lekhika Dhariyal","author_link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/author\/lekhikae-gmat-com\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.1.1 (Yoast SEO v17.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>[GMAT OG Solution] To help preserve ancient Egyptian monuments threatened by...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here is the solution to the GMAT OG SC question solution - To help preserve ancient Egyptian monuments threatened by...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/to-help-preserve-ancient-egyptian-monuments-threatened-by\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[GMAT OG Solution] To help preserve ancient Egyptian monuments threatened by...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Here is the solution to the GMAT OG SC question solution - 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