{"id":240,"date":"2011-05-11T17:22:53","date_gmt":"2011-05-12T00:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/?p=240"},"modified":"2022-10-10T00:05:42","modified_gmt":"2022-10-09T18:35:42","slug":"the-proliferation-of-so-called-cyber-squatters-gmatprep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/the-proliferation-of-so-called-cyber-squatters-gmatprep\/","title":{"rendered":"The proliferation of so-called cyber squatters&#8230;GMATPrep"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">A <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min read <\/span><\/span><p>The proliferation of so-called cyber squatters, people who register the Internet domain names of high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> passing the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, allowing companies to seed up to $100000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling<\/span> them later.<\/p>\n<h2>What does this question test?<\/h2>\n<p>This question tests your capability to select the choice that communicates the intended meaning of the sentence in the most effective manner. \u00a0It also tests your understanding of the modifier errors pertaining to the use of noun modifiers &#8211; which modifier in this case.<\/p>\n<h2>What does the sentence mean?<\/h2>\n<p>This sentence presents the following information:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Proliferation of cyber-squatters led to passage of an act \u2013 Anti-cyber-squatting\u00a0consumer protection act.<\/li>\n<li>This act was passed in 1999<\/li>\n<li>After this act was passed, the companies were allowed to seed up to a certain dollar amount in damages against the cyber-squatters.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>What are the errors in the original sentence?<\/h2>\n<p>This sentence has idiomatic error in the expression \u2013 led to passing. \u00a0The correct expression is \u201cled to the passage of xyz\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The sentence uses the &#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">X led to <\/span><strong>passing <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Y<\/span>.\u00a0 This expression is not idiomatically correct.\u00a0 It should be \u2013 <span style=\"color: #008000;\">X led to the <\/span><strong>passage <\/strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">of Y<\/span>.\u00a0 Consider a similar example:<\/p>\n<address> The flood led to <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">damaging <\/span>the houses. &#8211; Incorrect<\/address>\n<address>The flood led to the <span style=\"color: #008000;\">damage of<\/span> the houses.\u00a0 &#8211; Correct<\/address>\n<address> <\/address>\n<address> <\/address>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2>Answer Choice Analysis<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Choice A<\/strong><\/span>: \u00a0Incorrect: \u00a0Idiom Error as explained above<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Choice B:<\/strong><\/span> Incorrect:\u00a0Modifier Error: \u00a0\u201cwhich\u201d modifier appears to modify \u201c1999\u201d, whereas it should modify \u201cthe Protection Act\u201d. \u00a0Note here that we cannot consider \u201cAnti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACCP Act) in 1999\u201d as a noun phrase and hence we cannot say that \u201cwhich\u201d modifier modifies \u201cACCP Act\u201d. \u00a0This is because \u201cin 1999\u201d is not associated with ACCP Act. \u00a0\u201cIn 1999\u201d describes the timing of \u201cpassage of act\u201d. \u00a0Thus, from the structure of this sentence, \u201cwhich\u201d modifier modifies the closest noun \u201c1999\u201d and hence is incorrect.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Choice C<\/strong><\/span><strong>:<\/strong> Correct<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Choice D<\/strong><\/span>:\u00a0 Incorrect<\/p>\n<p>1: \u00a0<strong>Meaning Error<\/strong>: \u00a0The intended meaning of the sentence is that the proliferation led to the passage of ACCP Act. \u00a0This choice changes this meaning, implying that the proliferation led to the ACCP Act. \u00a0Notice the difference between the result \u2013 passage of act vs. act itself. Per the original sentence, the act might have been present before 1999, but it was passed after the proliferation of the cyber-squatters.<\/p>\n<p>2: \u00a0<strong>Pronoun Reference Error<\/strong>: \u00a0The antecedent for pronoun \u201cit\u201d is ambiguous. \u00a0From the sentence structure, because \u201cit\u201d is the subject of an independent clause, its antecedent is the subject of the preceding clause \u201cproliferation\u201d. \u00a0But this does not make sense since logically \u201cit\u201d refers to the ACCP Act.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Choice E<\/span><\/strong>: \u00a0Incorrect: \u00a0Similar errors as in Choice D.<\/p>\n<h2>What are the key take-away messages?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Correct answer choice should communicate the meaning as intended by the original sentence.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cwhich modifier\u201d (like other noun modifiers) modifies the closest noun nless a noun phrase precedes it and it does not make sense for it to modify the closest noun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Where can you find more information?<\/h2>\n<p>The concept of noun modifiers modifying slightly far away noun is discussed in detail in the concept titled \u201cModifiers \u2013 Relative Pronoun Modifiers\u201d. \u00a0This can be accessed by e-GMAT customers in Level 2. \u00a0GMAT Like questions in which incorrect choices change the intended meaning of the sentence are covered across all 9 application files and exercises in UGE.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The proliferation of so-called cyber squatters, people who register the Internet domain names of high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to passing the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, allowing companies to seed up to $100000 in damages against those who register domain names with the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","ub_ctt_via":""},"categories":[44,1],"tags":[],"featured_image_src":null,"author_info":{"display_name":"e-GMAT","author_link":"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/author\/administrator\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.1.1 (Yoast SEO v17.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The proliferation of so-called cyber squatters...GMATPrep<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/e-gmat.com\/blogs\/the-proliferation-of-so-called-cyber-squatters-gmatprep\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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